A Forward English Production Model for Japanese Speakers

Version: 0.1
Last Updated: October 6, 2026
Status: Hypothesis / Under validation

Research hypothesis

This project’s hypothesis: Instead of completing a Japanese sentence and then translating it, a speaker constructs English structure directly from intended meaning and speaks it from left to right.

\boxed{\text{Meaning} \rightarrow \text{English structure} \rightarrow \text{Speech}}

The model is a proposed execution model for real-time production. It is not a claim that the three rules below have already been validated as one established model by prior research.

The production order

\boxed{\text{Meaning} \rightarrow S \rightarrow V \rightarrow O/C \rightarrow \text{add required information from left to right}}

The working sequence begins with a sentence skeleton, then adds modification and additional information while preserving the order in which English can be spoken.

Rule 1 — Sentence Skeleton

\boxed{S \rightarrow V \rightarrow O/C}

Use the five sentence patterns—SV, SVC, SVO, SVOO, and SVOC—to establish the core before adding required information.

I played tennis.

↓

I played tennis with Tom.

↓

I played tennis with Tom at the park.

↓

I played tennis with Tom at the park yesterday.

Rule 2 — Modification

For practical production, build a noun phrase in this order:

\boxed{\text{short modification} \rightarrow \text{head} \rightarrow \text{long modification}}

Examples:

a beautiful → woman → I met yesterday
an interesting → book → about Japanese history
a large → event → held in Germany

Here, head means the syntactic head that determines the phrase’s type and structure. It does not mean the semantically most important word.

Rule 3 — Additional Information

After the sentence core, add information in the following working order:

\boxed{\text{manner or companion} \rightarrow \text{place} \rightarrow \text{time}}

Example: I played tennis with Tom at a nearby tennis court from 9 a.m. on Friday.

Integrated example

Japanese source meaning:

私は金曜日の朝9時から、近所にある大きなテニスコートでトムとテニスをした。

Generate the English utterance incrementally:

I played tennis

↓

I played tennis with Tom

↓

I played tennis with Tom at a large tennis court near my house

↓

I played tennis with Tom at a large tennis court near my house from 9 a.m. on Friday.

\boxed{\text{(1) sentence core} \rightarrow \text{(3) companion} \rightarrow \text{(3) place [(2) noun phrase]} \rightarrow \text{(3) time}}

Scope of the model

Rules ①, ②, and ③ are not presented as English grammar in its entirety. They are a working word-order engine for generating English from left to right in real time.

\boxed{\text{Meaning} \rightarrow \underbrace{\text{(1)(2)(3)}}_{\text{word-order engine}} \rightarrow \underbrace{\text{questions, negation, tense, and so on}}_{\text{grammar processing}} \rightarrow \text{speech}}

Questions, negation, passive voice, existential there, tense, and modal verbs belong to other grammar-processing layers. Version 0.1 does not expand those layers further.

Relation to prior research

Research on conceptualization, formulation, incremental speech production, sentence planning, complex noun phrases, and end weight provides relevant concepts and evidence. This article does not claim that those fields have empirically validated the integrated ①②③ model itself. That integration is this project’s hypothesis for execution during real-time English production.